For exactly 50 years, the Elbe Side Canal has linked the River Elbe at Lauenburg with the Mittelland Canal. The 115-kilometre-long waterway relieves pressure on shipping on the Elbe and connects Hamburg to the industrial regions of western Germany. Today, the “Heide-Suez” or “Heide-Highway” is at once an important transport route, a technical monument and a tourist attraction.
On 15 June 1976, the Elbe Side Canal was opened after eight years of construction. The new waterway through the Lüneburg Heath creates a direct link between the Elbe near Lauenburg and the Mittelland Canal west of Wolfsburg. For inland waterway transport, this meant a shortcut on the Hamburg–Magdeburg route and an alternative to the route along the Elbe, with its fluctuating water levels.
But the start is a bumpy one: just over a month after it is opened, a dam breaks near Adendorf, and millions of cubic metres of water flood the surrounding countryside. It was only after almost a year of repairs and reinforcement of critical sections that the canal was reopened to shipping. Since then, it has developed into the central east–west axis of the northern inland waterway network – and into a technical landmark with significant recreational value.
A shortcut and alternative to the Elbe
The decision to build the Elbe Side Canal was taken on 15 September 1965, and construction began on 6 May 1968. The aim is to create a link between Hamburg and the industrial regions of West Germany that is independent of the water level of the Elbe, whilst at the same time strengthening the structurally weak peripheral area.
Since it opened, the canal has shortened the journey from Hamburg to Magdeburg by 33 kilometres compared with the route via the Elbe. Stretching 115 kilometres in length and 53 metres in width, it connects the Elbe at Lauenburg with the Mittelland Canal and thus with the economic regions of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia.
According to the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, around 15,000 vessels use the waterway each year, as measured at the Uelzen lock. They transport around ten million tonnes of goods annually. Following the opening of the inner-German border, traffic has increased noticeably, and the inland ports of Lüneburg, Uelzen and Wittingen are also recording more calls than in the early years.
The collapse and reconstruction: A difficult start
Just 33 days after it opened, disaster struck on 18 July 1976: in the municipality of Adendorf near Lüneburg, the canal embankment burst at a road underpass. Millions of cubic metres of water poured into the surrounding area, flooding fields and forests.
The damage requires extensive repairs and reinforcement work at other critical points. Traffic on the canal will be suspended for almost a year; only then will the waterway be reopened to shipping.
The breach of the dam left a lasting mark on the still-young canal, whilst at the same time ensuring the long-term safety of the structures. Today, the route is regarded as an important and established part of the waterway network in northern Germany.
The ‘Heide Highway’ for barges and recreational boaters
In everyday parlance, the Elbe Side Canal is also known as the ‘Heide-Suez’ or the ‘Heide-Highway’ – nicknames that perfectly capture its role as a thoroughfare through the Lüneburg Heath. In addition to commercial shipping, numerous recreational boaters also use the canal with their yachts.
The construction of the canal, which began in 1968, left behind numerous quarry lakes along its route. These bodies of water have become popular destinations for day trips in the region. Gravel paths run along the banks, making them ideal for cycling and opening up the waterway to tourists.
South of the Uelzen lock, a 4.5-kilometre-long trail features information boards explaining topics such as hydropower, how a lock works and the natural water cycle. The canal thus becomes a place where technical infrastructure and environmental education come together.
Technical challenge: climbing 61 metres in altitude
Between the Elbmarsch and the higher-lying Mittelland Canal, the route involves a climb of 61 metres. This is achieved via two striking structures: the Uelzen lock and the Scharnebeck boat lift near Lüneburg.
The Uelzen lock bridges a height difference of 23 metres. Following a sharp rise in traffic volumes, it will be extended with a new structure at the end of 2006. The new chamber, measuring 190 metres in length and 12.5 metres in width, is one of the largest locks for inland waterway vessels in Germany and alleviates a major bottleneck on the route.
A lift for ships: the Scharnebeck lift
The Scharnebeck ship lift handles the greatest vertical rise. In two troughs, ships and water are raised or lowered by 38 metres, much like in a lift. The troughs measure 100 metres in length and 12 metres in width and are suspended by 240 steel cables connected to counterweights.
The actual transit time through the lift is around three minutes; a ship takes a total of around 15 minutes to pass through the facility. The ship lift was inaugurated in 1974 and was considered the largest ship lift in the world at the time of its opening. Of the total construction costs of 1.7 billion marks for the Elbe Side Canal, 152 million marks were spent on this facility.
With the partial opening of the canal between the Elbe and Lüneburg Harbour, the first ship passed through the lift on 5 December 1975. Today, the structure is a popular tourist attraction: around 500,000 visitors come each year to watch the operation from viewing platforms, visit an exhibition or take a barge ride through the lift itself.
Outlook: Larger locks for larger ships
Looking ahead, planners anticipate a further increase in freight volumes and larger ships on the Elbe Side Canal. The expansion of the Uelzen lock is already a response to this trend.
Discussions are therefore underway in Scharnebeck regarding an additional, larger lock to complement the existing lifting facility. Currently, only vessels with a maximum length of 100 metres can be lifted there. The planned new facility is intended to offer a usable length of 225 metres, which would make it the largest inland vessel lock of its kind in Germany.
According to the plans, the facility is due to come into operation in 2050. This would ensure that the Elbe Side Canal remains equipped to handle larger vessels in the second half of the century and further consolidates its role as a major inland waterway.
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Jill Grigoleit
Editor Travel
